Grade 4 math
Lessons commonly taught in grade 4, each with worked examples, practice problems, and complete solutions. Topics often span more than one grade, so you may see a lesson listed under a neighboring grade too.
26 lessons · 74 standards
Whole Numbers & Operations
- Adding and Subtracting Large Numbers
How to add and subtract multi-digit numbers in columns, what carrying and borrowing actually do, and how to check an answer by estimating or by working backwards.
- Factors, Multiples, Primes and Composites
How to find every factor pair of a number, what separates a prime from a composite, why you can stop testing at the square root, and how factors differ from multiples.
- Long Division: The Standard Algorithm
How to divide multi-digit numbers by long division, what each of the four repeating steps is doing, how to handle a remainder, and how to check the answer.
- Multi-Digit Multiplication: The Standard Algorithm
How to multiply multi-digit numbers with the standard algorithm, why the second row is shifted one place left, and how to check an answer by estimating first.
- Times as Many: Comparison and Multi-Step Word Problems
How to read a times-as-many comparison, tell it apart from a more-than comparison, and work a multi-step word problem by writing an equation for each step.
- Numerical Patterns and Graphing Ordered Pairs
How to generate a number pattern from a rule, spot the relationship between two patterns, form ordered pairs from them, and graph those pairs in the first quadrant.
- Place Value and Rounding Whole Numbers
What each digit in a number is worth, why every place is ten times the one to its right, how to write a number in expanded form, and how to round to any place.
Fractions
- Adding Fractions With Unlike Denominators
How to add fractions with different bottom numbers: find a common denominator, rewrite both fractions, add the top numbers, then simplify. With mixed numbers too.
- Comparing Fractions: Which One Is Bigger?
Four ways to compare fractions: same bottom number, same top number, a common denominator, and cross multiplying. With bar models and worked examples.
- Equivalent Fractions: Same Amount, Different Numbers
What equivalent fractions are, how to find them by multiplying or dividing top and bottom by the same number, and how to check two fractions are equal.
- Fraction Word Problems with Bar Models
How to draw a bar model for a fraction word problem, add and subtract fractions that share a denominator, and turn repeated servings into a multiplication.
- Fractions on a Number Line: Plotting and Reading Them
How to place a fraction on a number line by splitting each whole into equal parts, how to read one off, and why the number line makes fractions easier to order.
- Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions: Converting Both Ways
How to change an improper fraction into a mixed number by dividing, how to change it back by multiplying, and when each form is the useful one.
- Multiplying Fractions: Top Times Top, Bottom Times Bottom
How to multiply fractions and mixed numbers, why the rule works using an area model, why the product can be smaller than what you started with, and how to cancel first.
- Simplifying Fractions: Reducing to Lowest Terms
How to simplify a fraction by dividing top and bottom by a common factor, how to use the GCF to do it in one step, and how to know when you are done.
- Subtracting Fractions: Like and Unlike Denominators
How to subtract fractions with the same or different bottom numbers, and how to borrow when the fraction you are taking away is bigger than the one you have.
- Tenths and Hundredths: Adding Fractions with Denominators 10 and 100
Why every tenth is ten hundredths, how to rewrite a fraction with denominator 10 as one with denominator 100, and why that rewrite is what lets the two be added.
Decimals
- Comparing and Ordering Decimals
How to compare decimals by working left to right one place at a time, why a longer decimal is not automatically bigger, and how to put a list in order.
- Decimal Place Value: Reading and Writing Decimals
What each place after the decimal point is worth, how to read a decimal aloud, and how to write one in expanded form or as a fraction.
Measurement & Data
- Converting Measurement Units
How to convert between units in the same system, when to multiply and when to divide, and how to use a conversion inside a multi-step problem.
- Telling Time and Working Out Time Intervals
How to read a clock to the nearest minute, why the two hands use different scales, how to find how long something lasted, and how to add and subtract times.
Statistics and Probability
- Line Plots with Fractions
How to build a line plot from measurements in halves, quarters and eighths, how to read one, and how to use it to answer questions about totals and redistribution.
Geometry
- Angles: Naming, Measuring and Adding
What an angle is, why a degree is a fraction of a full turn, how to name angles as acute, right or obtuse, and why angle measures add when angles sit side by side.
- Area of a Rectangle: Length Times Width
Why the area of a rectangle is length times width, how to find a missing side, why area uses square units, and how to handle L-shaped figures.
- Parallel Lines, Perpendicular Lines and Symmetry
How to sort flat figures by parallel sides, perpendicular sides and angle size, why a right triangle is its own category, and how to find every line of symmetry.
- Perimeter: The Distance Around a Shape
What perimeter means, how to find it for any shape by adding the sides, the rectangle shortcut, and how to work backwards from a known perimeter.
Standards covered
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.MD.A.1
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.MD.C.5
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.MD.C.5a
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.MD.C.5b
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.MD.C.6
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.MD.C.7
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.MD.C.7a
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.MD.C.7b
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.MD.C.7d
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.MD.D.8
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.NBT.A.1
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.NBT.A.2
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.NF.A.2
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.NF.A.2a
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.NF.A.2b
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.NF.A.3a
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.NF.A.3b
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.NF.A.3d
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.OA.D.8
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.G.A.1
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.G.A.2
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.G.A.3
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.MD.A.1
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.MD.A.2
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.MD.A.3
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.MD.B.4
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.MD.C.5
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.MD.C.5a
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.MD.C.5b
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.MD.C.6
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.MD.C.7
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.NBT.A.1
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.NBT.A.2
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.NBT.A.3
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.NBT.B.4
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.NBT.B.5
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.NBT.B.6
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.NF.A.1
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.NF.A.2
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.NF.B.3
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.NF.B.3a
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.NF.B.3b
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.NF.B.3c
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.NF.B.3d
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.NF.B.4
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.NF.B.4c
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.NF.C.5
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.NF.C.7
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.OA.A.1
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.OA.A.2
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.OA.A.3
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.OA.B.4
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.OA.C.5
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.5.G.A.2
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.5.MD.A.1
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.5.MD.B.2
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.5.NBT.A.1
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.5.NBT.A.3
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.5.NBT.A.3a
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.5.NBT.A.3b
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.5.NBT.B.5
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.5.NBT.B.6
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.5.NF.A.1
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.5.NF.A.2
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.5.NF.B.4
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.5.NF.B.4a
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.5.NF.B.4b
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.5.NF.B.5
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.5.NF.B.5a
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.5.NF.B.5b
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.5.NF.B.6
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.5.OA.B.3
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.6.NS.B.2
- CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.6.NS.B.4